Proceedings: African Heritage and the Pillars of Sustainability

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From left to right; Prof. Dr. Marie-Theres Albert and Dr. Falres Ilomo
From left to right; Dr. Mohammad Juma, Mr. Kagosi Mwamulowe
From left to right; Mr. Lateef Buhari and Mr. Jan Kuever
From left to right: Jimson Sanga, Assistant Project Manager fahari yetu – Southern Highlands Culture Solutions and Assistant Lecturer University of Iringa, Dr. Gracieux Mbuzukongira, Deputy Vice-Chancellor for Academic Affairs University of Iringa, Jan Küver, Project Manager fahari yetu – Southern Highlands Culture Solutions and Lecturer University of Iringa
From left (standing) to right; Mr. Paulo Oishori, Ms. Jackline Kaaya, Ms. Jesca Nyambita and Mr. Deonis Mgumba
From left to right: Prof. Dr. Joshua Madumulla, Vice-Chancellor University of Iringa, Rev. Dr. Owdenburg Mdegella, Chairperson University of Iringa Council, Dr. Enock Ugulumu, Deputy Vice-Chancellor for Resource Management University of Iringa
From left to right; Ms. Babalwa Bongekile Mgxekwa and Mr. Jimson Sanga
From left to right: Mr. Okeny Charles Kinyera and Mr. Jimson Sanga
From left to right: Ms. Musawa Musonda Hamusonde, Dr. Webber Ndoro, Mr. Kagosi Mwamulowe and Mr. Oris Malijani
From left to right: Mr. Lateef Buhari, Ms. Musawa Musonda Hamusonde, Mr. Kenneth Nyangena, Mr. Okeny Charles Kinyera and Ms. Cecylia Mgombere
From left to right: Ms. Rode, Mr. Olukoya Obafemi and Mr. Akeem Bello
From left to right: Ms. Musawa Musonda Hamusonde, Mr. Kenneth Nyangena and Mr. Okeny Charles Kinyera
From left to right: Ms. Cecylia Mgombere and Dr. Webber Ndoro
From left to right; Dr. Mwahombela and Dr. Frank Filipo
From left to right: Dr. Webber Ndoro and Mr. Kagosi Mwamulowe
From left to right: Ms. Musawa Musonda Hamusonde, Dr. Mohammad Juma, Mr. Oris Malijani, Mr. Kenneth Nyangena and Mr. Okeny Charles Kinyera

Preamble

Prof. Dr. Marie-Theres Albert, former Chairholder Chair Intercultural Studies/UNESCO Chair in Heritage Studies and Director of the “Institute Heritage Studies” at the “Internationale Akademie Berlin” (INA)

and

Jan Küver, Project Manager fahari yetu - Southern Highlands Culture Solutions and Lecturer University of Iringa

Sustainability and community participation in the protection and use of cultural and natural heritage have developed over the years to become a central aspect in the teaching and research of Heritage Studies worldwide. In this respect, the themes and scientific discourses of the UNESCO Heritage Studies implemented in the IGS Heritage Studies programme have evolved in line with the important paradigms of UNESCO. This also applies to the thematisation of sustainability and sustainable development in current processes of the destruction of heritage, whether by environmental factors, terrorism and the illegal sale of cultural property or by the inadequate use of heritage through mass tourism. At the same time, concerning international reflection on these important topics, it is obvious that the theoretical and strategic discourses are still strongly dominated by the West; that is, the discourse is from the point of view of industrialized countries. Thus, these discourses on heritage, sustainability and sustainable development do not adequately reflect the experiences and perspectives of developing countries.

For this reason, the implementation of the summer school at the University of Iringa in Tanzania is a milestone in the global direction and reflection on the sustainable protection and sustainable use of heritage. With a regional focus on East Africa, and supported and strengthened by these proceedings, we have taken the first step towards a paradigm. The proceedings contain the results of the summer academy focused on “African Heritage and the Pillars of Sustainability” and beyond. They document the close cooperation between the German and African experts, as well as the dialogue with the international students.

At this point we would once again like to highlight the contributions of our colleagues at the University of Iringa, without whom the local implementation of the programme would not have been possible. Special thanks to the Vice Chancellor, Prof. Dr. Joshua Madumulla, the Deputy Vice Chancellor for Resource Management, Dr. Enock Ugulumu, and the Director for Postgraduate Studies, Research and Publications, Dr. Falres Ilomo. We would also like to thank the DAAD, Gerda Henkel Stiftung, the German Foreign Office and the European Development Fund for their generous support.

The aim of this summer school was to develop skills and capacities in the management of heritage and sustainability through theoretical and applied concepts, taking into account the particular conditions in Tanzania. We succeeded. We hope you enjoy reading these interesting proceedings and look forward to the upcoming summer school next year.

Marie-Theres Albert und Jan Küver

Welcome address

Prof. Dr. Joshua S. Madumulla, Vice Chancellor, University of Iringa, Tanzania

View the PDF-File: Welcome Adress

Keynotes

From left to right: Prof. Dr. Marie-Theres Albert, Professor Emerita and former Chairholder UNESCO Chair in Heritage Studies BTU Cottbus-Senftenberg, Rev. Dr. Falres I. Ilomo, former Director of Postgraduate Studies, Research and Publications, and Senior Lecturer, Faculty of Theology, University of Iringa, Tanzania

Prof. Dr. Marie-Theres Albert, former Chairholder Chair Intercultural Studies/UNESCO Chair in Heritage Studies and Director of the “Institute Heritage Studies” at the “Internationale Akademie Berlin” (INA)
“Heritage Interpretation in a Globalized World”
Dr. Falres I. Ilomo, former Director of Postgraduate Studies, Research and Publications, and Senior Lecturer, Faculty of Theology, University of Iringa, Tanzania
“Cultural and Natural Heritage in Tanzania: A Case of Southern Highlands”

I - FOUNDATION AND CONCEPTS: THE PILLARS OF SUSTAINABILITY FOR THE PROTECTION AND USE OF HERITAGE IN GENERAL AND THE REGION IN PARTICULAR

Konso Kids Autor: Rod Waddington, https://www.flickr.com/photos/rod_waddington/26331843452/ Attribution-ShareAlike 2.0 Generic (CC BY-SA 2.0) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.0/

Oris Malijani: Dziwe la Nkhalamba sacred pool and waterfall within Mulanje Mountain Cultural Landscape

Oris Malijani – Fort Lister historic

Tree Seedlings (Quelle: Autor: Treeaid, https://www.flickr.com/photos/53871588@N05/5217093557/in/album-72157625043407061/ Attribution 2.0 Generic (CC BY 2.0) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/)

Oris Malijani – Mulanje Mountain Cultural Landscape

Lectures:

Prof. Dr. Marie-Theres Albert, former Chairholder Chair Intercultural Studies/UNESCO Chair in Heritage Studies and Director of the “Institute Heritage Studies” at the “Internationale Akademie Berlin” (INA)
"40 Years of the World Heritage Convention – On the Popularization of a Protection Concept of Cultural and Natural Assets"
Dr. Falres I. Ilomo, former Director of Postgraduate Studies, Research and Publications, and Senior Lecturer, Faculty of Theology, University of Iringa, Tanzania
“Lutheran-Roman Dialogue: Reflections on the Situation of the Evangelical Lutheran Church in Tanzania (ELCT)”
Jan Küver, Lecturer, Department of Cultural Anthropology and Tourism, University of Iringa, Tanzania, and PhD Candidate, IGS Heritage Studies, BTU Cottbus-Senftenberg, Germany
"Cultural Heritage as a Strategic Driver for Empowerment – Exploring the Theoretical Conjunction"

Student Presentations:

Oris C. Malijani, Antiquities Officer – Geoarchaeology, Malawi, Department of Culture and PhD Candidate, IGS Heritage Studies, BTU Cottbus-Senftenberg, Germany
"Understanding Conflicting Interests in African Cultural Landscapes: A Conceptual Framework"

II - CULTURAL AND NATURAL HERITAGE CONSERVATION IN THE CONTEXT OF ECONOMIC UNDERDEVELOPMENT: CASE STUDIES FROM AFRICAN COUNTRIES

Mosi-oa-Tunya – Victoria Falls Autor: Carine06, https://www.flickr.com/photos/43555660@N00/12422583924/ Attribution-ShareAlike 2.0 Generic (CC BY-SA 2.0) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.0/

Dogon country Autor: Treeaid, https://www.flickr.com/photos/53871588@N05/6252916565/ Attribution 2.0 Generic (CC BY 2.0) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/

Lectures

Dr. Pastory M. Bushozi, Acting Head, Department of Archaeology and Heritage Studies, University of Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
"Conservation and Sustainable Development of Palaeoanthropological Sites: A Case Study of Isimila in Iringa, Southern Tanzania"

Student Presentations

Obafemi A.P. Olukoya, Nigeria, PhD Candidate, International Graduate School: Heritage Studies, Brandenburg Technical University, Cottbus - Senftenberg, Germany
"Natural Heritage Management in the Context of Economic Underdevelopment: The Case of Niger Delta Mangrove, Nigeria"
Makarius P. Itambu, Lecturer, Department of Archaeology and Heritage Studies, University of Dar es Salaam, Tanzania and PhD Candidate, Biological Anthropology, University of Calgary, Canada
"Integrating Rock Art Heritage Conservation with Eco-Tourism Promotion: The Case of Iringa Region, Tanzania"

III – LOCAL HERITAGE, COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION AND CULTURAL TOURISM

Massai Women – Autor: Bill Hertha, (Quelle: https://www.flickr.com/photos/whertha/13462336315/ Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 2.0 Generic (CC BY-NC-ND 2.0) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/2.0/)

Guides, tourists, women and their children chat, play and do business in Mtae village, where the women who will sell their pottery in a local co-op reside. (Quelle: https://www.flickr.com/photos/pennstatelive/4947117420/)

The road to and around Lake Natron led through Africa’s famous Rift Valley. It presented moment after stunning moment of new sights – both cultural and natural. Highlights included time spent with members of the local Maasai tribes, including a stop at a local market, a number of craftswomen selling their jewelry at a volcanic crater, and of course my half Maasai guide who helped me lug my gear and ford the river back and forth up the Ngare Sero Gorge to the falls (Quelle: https://www.flickr.com/photos/virtualwayfarer/33138096322/

Lectures

Matthias Ripp, Senior Heritage Manager and World Heritage Coordinator, Old Town of Regensburg with Stadtamhof, Germany
"Regensburg’s World Heritage Management Plan: Creation of a World Heritage Strategy Together with the Citizens"
Dr. Noel Biseko Lwoga, Lecturer, Department of Archaeology and Heritage Studies, University of Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
"Cultural Heritage Tourism and the Community in Tanzania"

Student Presentations

Presentations by the participants on the thematic focus of the day

Kenneth O. Nyangena, Lecturer, Department of Public Affairs and Environmental Studies, Laikipia University, Kenya and PhD Candidate, Sociology, Open University of Tanzania
"The Maasai Dilemma and the Problematic of Community Participation in Cultural Tourism"

IV – CONFLICTS AND SYNERGIES BETWEEN CULTURAL AND NATURAL HERITAGE PROTECTION AND CONSERVATION

Quelle: Okeny Charles Kinyera

Lectures

John Makombo, Director of Conservation, Uganda Wildlife Authority, Kampala, Uganda
"Wildlife Conservation – Prospects and Challenges in East Africa"
Dr. Danielson R. Kisanga, Lecturer, Department of Geography, University of Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
"Participatory Mapping of Socio-Cultural Values in the Landscape: Cases from the Southern Highlands"

Student Presentations

Okeny Charles Kinyera, Conservator Archaeology, Department of Museums and Monuments, Uganda National Museum, Kampala, Uganda
"An Archaeological Monitoring of Underground Water Tank Construction at Kasubi Tombs World Heritage Site, Uganda"
Akeem O. Bello, Graduate Student, Institute of Peace, Security and Governance, Ekiti State University, Ado Ekiti, Nigeria
"Countering Boko Haram Insurgency: Investigating Culture Destruction Attempts and Culture Conservation Efforts in North-Eastern Nigeria"

Contributors

Prof. Dr. Marie-Theres Albert

Prof. Dr. Marie-Theres Albert is Director of the “Institute Heritage Studies” at the Internationale Akademie Berlin. Since 2016, she is former Chairholder of the Chair Intercultural Studies/ UNESCO Chair in Heritage Studies at the Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg. She initiated and directed the “World Heritage Studies” Master’s programme (1999-2010) and the PhD programme, “International Graduate School: Heritage Studies at Cottbus University”, since 2010. She also chaired the German Tentative List commission for World Heritage and is a member of the German expert commission for intangible heritage.

Marie-Theres Albert’s research endeavours focus on issues such as protecting tangible and intangible heritage, identity and development, educational development in developing countries for example via Summer Schools in Tanzania/Iringa. Other notable research projects were in cooperation with India, China and Spain on tangible heritage, and with Austria on intangible heritage. She is editor of the Heritage Studies series, which critically evaluates theories related to heritage (World Heritage, Intangible Cultural Heritage, Memory of the World) and which is developing a new and important paradigm of heritage, namely heritage for human development.

https://heritagestudies.eu/category/projekte/abgeschlossene-projekte/

Prof. Dr. Joshua S. Madumulla

Prof. Joshua S. Madumulla is Vice Chancellor of the University of Iringa and an Associate Professor with cultivated command in the areas of literature, paremiology (studies in proverbs) and aesthetics (a branch of philosophy that deals with beauty). He completed his undergraduate studies in the second half of the 1970s at the University of Dar es Salaam and joined the academic staff in the 1980s. Later, he proceeded to the University of Karl Marx in Leipzig, Germany, for postgraduate studies. He was the first Chairperson of the Book Development Council of Tanzania (1998 – 2002); Chairperson of the Children’s Book Committee (1995 – 1999); Chairperson of the Reading Association of Tanzania (2000 – 2005); Associate Dean (Academics) in the Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences (2000 – 2003); a member of the Research and Publications Committee of Research and Education for Democracy in Tanzania (REDET), where he edited a number of REDET publications; Head of Department of Kiswahili, University of Dar es Salaam (2004 – 2006); Dean and founder of the School of Humanities at the University of Dodoma (2007 – 2012); and, Deputy Vice Chancellor – Academic, Research and Consultancy at the Eckernforde Tanga University (2013 – 2014).

Dr. Falres I. Ilomo

Dr. Falres I. Ilomo is a Senior Lecturer in Theological Studies and African Studies the former Director of Postgraduate Studies, Research and Publications at the University of Iringa. He completed his Bachelor of Divinity degree from Makumira Theological College in 1993. He completed a Master’s degree and received a Doctor of Theology degree in Missiology and Science of Religion from Augustana Hochschule in Germany. Since 2007, he organizes study tours to various cultural tourist destinations in the Southern Circuit (Njombe, Iringa, Mbeya, Ruvuma, Rukwa Regions) for university lecturers. In 2011, he attended a month-long seminar in Interfaith Dialogue with Islam at the Peramiho Senior Seminary in Songea, which is where he spent a month the following year, in 2012, learning Arabic. Also in 2012, he spent a sabbatical year in Minnesota, in the United States where he taught masters and PhD students. He has written two articles and five books, including Christianity: A Secondary Religious Experience among People of Livingstone Mountains in 2011 and African Religion: A Basis for Interfaith Dialogue Today in 2013. Currently, he is working on a publication titled Cultural Practices and Beliefs in Africa: A Case of Victoria Lake Zone in Tanzania.

Jan Küver

Jan Küver is a PhD candidate at the International Graduate School in Heritage Studies at Brandenburg Technical University Cottbus-Senftenberg, Germany and the Project Manager of fahari yetu – Southern Highlands Culture Solutions, an applied heritage project in Southern Tanzania. He earned his M.A. degree in 2007 in Sociology and Ethnology at the University of Göttingen, Germany and has since then been working as a Lecturer and Administrator in the Department of Cultural Anthropology and Tourism at the University of Iringa, Tanzania. His current academic research, as well as professional work, addresses the question how cultural heritage can be utilized as a strategic driver for empowerment and sustainable development.

Oris C. Malijani

Oris C. Malijani is a PhD student in Heritage Studies at Brandenburg Technical University (BTU), Germany. He holds a Master’s Degree in Heritage Management from Kent University, UK, and a Bachelor’s Degree in Geography from the University of Malawi. He works with the Malawi Department of Culture (Antiquities), as Antiquities Officer - Geoarchaeology, responsible for management and implementation of archaeological heritage programmes. His PhD research is focused on the conflicting interests of African cultural landscapes.

Dr. Pastory M. Bushozi

Dr. Pastory M. Bushozi holds a PhD in Archaeology from the University of Alberta in Edmonton, Canada and a B.A. and M.Sc. degree from the University of Dar es Salaam in Tanzania. In 2009, he was awarded the Wadsworth Fellowship for his dissertation work. Currently, Dr. Bushozi is a professor and Acting Head of the Department of Archaeology and Heritage Studies at the University of Dar es Salaam. He is also a member of the Editorial Board of the Journal of African Archaeological Network, country representative to the Committee of the Eastern Africa Quaternary Research Association and field coordinator for American students enrolled in the Associated College of the Mid-West’s USA-UDSM program. He has researched and written extensively on the Middle Stone Age period in Tanzania, specifically on patterns of subsistence, technology and adaptations of early modern humans.

Obafemi A.P. Olukoya

Obafemi A.P. Olukoya is a Doctoral Candidate at the International Graduate School: Heritage Studies, Brandenburg Technical University, Cottbus-Senftenberg, Germany. His scientific background is in Architecture (B.Sc, M.Arch). He was a Scientific Research Assistant in TUBITAK (Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey) under the auspices of a Restoration Project of Louroujina village (Northern Cyprus) tagged TUBITAK project 112M147. Currently, he is a Teaching Assistant at the Chair of Environmental Resource Management, Brandenburg Technical University, Cottbus, Germany.

Makarius P. Itambu

Makarius P. Itambu is a Lecturer in the Department of Archaeology and Heritage at the University of Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. His research is focused on rock art and archaeological heritage resources in Iringa and Mbeya Regions in Southern Tanzania and palaeovironmental reconstructions of Olduvai Gorge in the North of the country. He obtainined both his BA and MA degree at the University of Dar es Salaam, and, since 2014, Makarius is completing his PhD in Biological Anthropology at the University of Calgary in Canada.

Matthias Ripp

Matthias Ripp, has been the Senior Heritage Manager and World Heritage Coordinator of the Old Town of Regensburg with Stadtamhof in Germany since 2007. Prior to that, he studied historical geography in Bamberg and worked in the areas of World Heritage and tourism. He is active in numerous networks such as Heritage Europe and ICOMOS and he coordinated the EU Project HerO (Heritage as Opportunity). Mr. Ripp is also chairman of the UNESCO World Heritage Old Cities Working Group at the Association of German Cities, a member of the European Heritage Panel and German Commission for UNESCO, as well as regional coordinator of the North-West Europe region for the Organization of World Heritage Cities (OWHC).

Dr. Noel B. Lwoga

Dr. Noel B. Lwoga is a Lecturer of Tourism and Heritage Management, in the Department of Archaeology and Heritage Studies, at the University of Dar es Salaam. Previously the Head of the Tourism Department at the National College of Tourism in Tanzania, his research interests include tourism development, stakeholder engagement in the conservation of heritage, and the management of built heritage in neoliberal cities. Academically, he has written extensively on cultural tourism in Tanzania and the implications of climate change and environmental practices on heritage interpretation.

Kenneth O. Nyangena

Kenneth O. Nyangena is a Lecturer in the Department of Public Affairs and Environmental Studies at Laikipia University in Kenya. He is currently undertaking a PhD in Sociology at the Open University of Tanzania while also teaching there. In his academic work he addresses various issues of development such as gender, rural sanitation, nation-building, and globalization, all with reference to his home country Kenya.

John Makombo

John Makombo is the Director of Conservation at the Uganda Wildlife Authority. After studying environmental science, he joined the UWA as a park warden. He has spearheaded many projects throughout his career, including the restoration of the mountain ecosystem and biodiversity of the Rwenzori Mountains National Park and the education of local communities on the protection of mountain gorillas and their habitat of the Bwindi Impenetrable National Park. He also serves as president of a cross-border coordination committee that works to improve forest conservation and gorilla protection throughout Africa.

Dr. Danielson R. Kisanga

Dr. Danielson R. Kisanga is a Lecturer of Geography at the University of Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. He holds a Ph.D. and M.A in Geography from the Graduate School, Clark University in Worcester, Massachusetts, USA; BSc and M.Sc. degrees from Sokoine University of Agriculture (SUA) in Tanzania. He taught Physical Geography, Soil Resources, Remote Sensing and GIS at University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico and the same courses in Miami University, Middletown, Ohio, both in the USA, from 2006 – 2008 and 2008 – 2010 respectively. Currently, Dr. Kisanga is teaching and conducting a variety of GIS and Remote Sensing related projects at the University of Dar es Salaam. He is also one of leading authors of the Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services chapter on Land Degradation. He has researched and written extensively on participatory geographical information systems related to land degradation and land resources.

Okeny C. Kinyera

Okeny C. Kinyera studied education up to Bachelor level in Uganda before taking an MA in Archaeology at the University of Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. He currently works as Conservator Archaeology for the National Department of Museums and Monuments in Uganda. He also offers his services as a private consultant in Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA), Cultural Heritage Assessment, and Physical Cultural Resource Assessment.

Akeem O. Bello

Akeem O. Bello is a graduate student of Peace and Conflict at the Institute of Peace, Security and Governance, Ekiti State University, Ado Ekiti, Nigeria. He earned a degree in Mass Communication/Hausa Language at Bayero University, Kano and currently teaches same to students at the College of Education, Ikere Ekiti. He has a number of publications to his credit. He intends to develop his career in heritage security.

From left to right; Prof. Dr. Marie-Theres Albert and Dr. Falres Ilomo

From left to right; Dr. Mohammad Juma, Mr. Kagosi Mwamulowe

From left to right; Mr. Lateef Buhari and Mr. Jan Kuever

From left (standing) to right; Mr. Paulo Oishori, Ms. Jackline Kaaya, Ms. Jesca Nyambita and Mr. Deonis Mgumba

From left to right: Prof. Dr. Joshua Madumulla, Vice-Chancellor University of Iringa, Rev. Dr. Owdenburg Mdegella, Chairperson University of Iringa Council, Dr. Enock Ugulumu, Deputy Vice-Chancellor for Resource Management University of Iringa

From left to right; Ms. Babalwa Bongekile Mgxekwa and Mr. Jimson Sanga

From left to right: Mr. Okeny Charles Kinyera and Mr. Jimson Sanga

From left to right: Ms. Musawa Musonda Hamusonde, Dr. Webber Ndoro, Mr. Kagosi Mwamulowe and Mr. Oris Malijani

From left to right: Mr. Lateef Buhari, Ms. Musawa Musonda Hamusonde, Mr. Kenneth Nyangena, Mr. Okeny Charles Kinyera and Ms. Cecylia Mgombere

From left to right: Ms. Rode, Mr. Olukoya Obafemi and Mr. Akeem Bello

From left to right: Ms. Musawa Musonda Hamusonde, Mr. Kenneth Nyangena and Mr. Okeny Charles Kinyera

From left to right: Ms. Cecylia Mgombere and Dr. Webber Ndoro

From left to right; Dr. Mwahombela and Dr. Frank Filipo

From left to right: Dr. Webber Ndoro and Mr. Kagosi Mwamulowe

From left to right: Ms. Musawa Musonda Hamusonde, Dr. Mohammad Juma, Mr. Oris Malijani, Mr. Kenneth Nyangena and Mr. Okeny Charles Kinyera